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Purification of Protein A-Tagged Proteins

Chapter 8, Extracted from Affinity Chromatography Vol. 2: Tagged Proteins, GE Healthcare, 2016

Recombinant tagged proteins containing a protein A tag can be purified on IgG Sepharose® 6 Fast Flow. The AC medium is based on the Sepharose® 6 Fast Flow matrix, with human IgG covalently coupled to it. The mechanical characteristics of this Fast Flow medium allows high flow velocities (up to 400 cm/h) to be used for rapid and convenient single-step purification of protein A-tagged protein conjugates produced in prokaryotic expression systems. Up to 2 mg/ml protein A can be bound to the ligand at pH 7.5.

IgG Sepharose® 6 Fast Flow is also suitable for tandem affinity purification (TAP) of protein complexes, see the GE handbook Purifying Challenging Proteins: Principles and Methods, 28909531.

An alternative eluent is 0.1 M glycine-HCl, pH 3.0. Chaotropic agents may also be used for elution.

Characteristics of IgG Sepharose® 4 Fast Flow are shown in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1.Characteristics of IgG Sepharose® 6 Fast Flow

* Short term refers to the pH interval for regeneration, cleaning-in-place and sanitization procedures. Long term refers to the pH interval over which the medium is stable over a long period of time without adverse effects on its subsequent chromatographic performance.

Performing a separation using IgG Sepharose® 6 Fast Flow

Buffer Preparation

Purification

  1. Pack the column (see Appendix 3, Characteristics of Dextrin Sepharose High Performance products) and wash with at least 5 column volumes of binding buffer.
  2. Equilibrate the column with approximately 5 column volumes of binding buffer.
  3. Wash with 2–3 column volumes of acetic acid followed by 5 column volumes of binding buffer.
  4. Apply the sample.
  5. Wash with 10 column volumes binding buffer.
  6. Wash with 2 column volumes of wash buffer or until no material appears in the eluent (determined by UV absorbance at A280 nm).
  7. Elute with 2–5 column volumes of elution buffer.*
  8. Immediately re-equilibrate the column with binding buffer until the eluent reaches pH 7.0 (the IgG may denature if left at a lower pH).

* Since elution conditions are quite harsh, it is recommended to collect fractions into neutralization buffer (60 µL – 200 µL 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.0 per ml fraction), so that the final pH of the fractions will be approximately neutral.
This method, while giving a concentrated eluate, can only be used if the fusion product is stable under the acid conditions.

Application example

Figure 8.1shows automatic on-line monitoring of the production of a secreted fusion protein during fermentation. The fusion protein, ZZ-IGF-1 is insulin-like growth factor 1 fused with a derivative of protein A (designated ZZ), expressed in E. coli.
Chromatogram of a sample taken at one time point during fermentation

Fig 8.1. (A)Chromatogram of a sample taken at one time point during fermentation. (B) Results from automatic monitoring of the product concentration during fermentation. Concentration of ZZ-IGF-1 is determined by integration of the ZZ-IGF-1 peak obtained during each chromatographic analysis. Bacterial density is measured manually at A600 nm.

Chemical stability

Avoid reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol or DTT since they may disrupt disulfide bonds within the IgG ligand.

Storage

Wash with 5 column volumes of 20% ethanol at neutral pH and store at +4 °C to +8 °C.

Materials
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