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R2500

Sigma-Aldrich

all trans-Retinal

powder, ≥98%

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Synonym(s):
Vitamin A aldehyde
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C20H28O
CAS Number:
116-31-4
Molecular Weight:
284.44
MDL number:
MFCD00001550
PubChem Substance ID:
24899355
NACRES:
NA.79

biological source

synthetic (organic)

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥98%

form

powder

technique(s)

HPLC: suitable

color

yellow

mp

62-64 °C

shipped in

dry ice

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

[H]C(=O)\C=C(C)\C=C\C=C(C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C

InChI

1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

InChI key

NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N

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General description

All trans-Retinal is one of the major derivatives of vitamin A group. A variety of food serves as a source of vitamin A. It is predominant in liver and among the brightly colored vegetables.

Application

All trans-Retinal has been used:
  • in optogenetic experiments
  • in electrophysiological experiment
  • to study the effect of AKR1B10 (aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily member) on the conversion of retinal to retinol in the airway epithelium
  • in decidual transformation of human endometrial stromal cells

Biochem/physiol Actions

All-trans retinal is converted to retinoic acid in vivo by the action of retinal dehydrogenase. Retinoic acid is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that act as transcription factors to regulate the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells. Retinal isomers are also chromophores that bind to opsins, a family of G-protein-linked transmembrane proteins, to form photosensitive receptors in visual and nonvisual systems. All-trans retinal is a potent photosensitizer.

Packaging

Sealed ampule.

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Hai Li et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 291(49), 25319-25325 (2016-10-30)
Natural anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) recently discovered in cryptophyte algae are the most active rhodopsin channels known. They are of interest both because of their unique natural function of light-gated chloride conductance and because of their unprecedented efficiency of membrane hyperpolarization
Yasushi Imamoto et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1837(5), 664-673 (2013-09-12)
Cone visual pigments are visual opsins that are present in vertebrate cone photoreceptor cells and act as photoreceptor molecules responsible for photopic vision. Like the rod visual pigment rhodopsin, which is responsible for scotopic vision, cone visual pigments contain the
Juan Antonio Sánchez-Alcañiz et al.
Nature communications, 9(1), 4252-4252 (2018-10-14)
Through analysis of the Drosophila ionotropic receptors (IRs), a family of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors, we reveal that most IRs are expressed in peripheral neuron populations in diverse gustatory organs in larvae and adults. We characterise IR56d, which defines two
Optogenetic control of fly optomotor responses
Haikala V, et al.
The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(34), 13927-13934 (2013)
Advanced Nutrition Micronutrients, 23-23 (2019)
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Articles

Retinoic Acid and Gene Expression

All-trans retinoic acid (RA, ATRA) is a pleiotropic activation factor that regulates genes associated with normal vertebrate cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and embryonic development.

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