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D9779

Sigma-Aldrich

DL-Dithiothreitol

for molecular biology, ≥98% (HPLC), ≥99% (titration)

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Synonym(s):
(±)-Dithiothreitol, rac-Dithiothreitol, Dithiothreitol, threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol, Cleland’s reagent, DTT
Linear Formula:
HSCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2SH
CAS Number:
3483-12-3
Molecular Weight:
154.25
Beilstein:
1719757
EC Number:
222-468-7
MDL number:
MFCD00004877
PubChem Substance ID:
24894330
NACRES:
NA.31

grade

for molecular biology

Assay

≥98% (HPLC)
≥99% (titration)

form

powder

reaction suitability

reagent type: reductant

mp

41-44 °C (lit.)

solubility

H2O: 50 mg/mL

cation traces

heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

foreign activity

DNase, RNase, protease, none detected

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

O[C@H](CS)[C@H](O)CS

InChI

1S/C4H10O2S2/c5-3(1-7)4(6)2-8/h3-8H,1-2H2/t3-,4-/m1/s1

InChI key

VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N

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General description

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is an excellent reagent for maintaining SH groups in a reduced state in proteins. It initiates the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction to completely reduce the intra-or inter-molecular disulfide bonds in biomolecules. DTT specifically targets the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Hence, it is highly effective in use with buffers that quantitatively reduce disulfides. DTT is less pungent and less toxic in nature than 2-mercaptoethanol. It is also 7x more concentrated than beta-mercaptoethanol.

Application

DL-Dithiothreitol is used in protein samples to reduce the disulfide bonds before loading the sample onto the gel for Western Blot or SDS-PAGE It has been used in the procedure of in situ hybridization of mRNA.

It has been used:
  • as a component for protein extraction in western blot analysis
  • to prepare sample lysis buffer for quantitative mass spectroscopy
  • as a kinase buffer component for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
An excellent reagent for maintaining SH groups in reduced state; quantitatively reduces disulfides. DTT is effective in sample buffers for reducing protein disulfide bonds prior to SDS-PAGE. DTT can also be used for reducing the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel. DTT is less pungent and is less toxic than 2-mercaptoethanol. Typically, a seven fold lower concentration of DTT (100 mM) is needed than is used for 2-mercaptoethanol (5% v/v, 700 mM).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is frequently utilized in biochemical preparations of thiol proteins and chemical peptide synthesis. DTT is also used in protein chemistry research on the folding of proteins and enzyme activity.

Features and Benefits

  • Suitable for molecular biology
  • RNase, DNase, Exonuclease, and Protease-free
  • High purity (HPLC ≥98%)
  • No heavy metal ≤5ppm

Pictograms

CorrosionExclamation mark
GHS05,GHS07

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H302 - H315 - H318

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Skin Irrit. 2

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 2

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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  1. Which document(s) contains shelf-life or expiration date information for a given product?

    If available for a given product, the recommended re-test date or the expiration date can be found on the Certificate of Analysis.

  2. How do I get lot-specific information or a Certificate of Analysis?

    The lot specific COA document can be found by entering the lot number above under the "Documents" section.

  3. What is the shelf life of Product D9779, DL-Dithiothreitol?

    The recommended retest period for D9779 is 4 years. This information can be found on the Specification Sheet. The actual retest date for a given lot can be found on the Certificate of Analysis for that lot.

  4. What is the solubility of Product D9779, DL-Dithiothreitol?

    This product is soluble in water (50 mg/mL), yielding a clear, colorless solution. DTT is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ether. This information may be found on the product information sheet for a related DTT product (Product No. D0632).

  5. What is the solution stability of Product D9779, DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT)?

    We generally recommend preparing DTT solutions fresh daily. A table showing the half life of DTT in solution under various conditions can be found on the product information sheet for a related DTT product (Product No. D0632).

  6. What is the meaning of Molecular Biology Grade in the description of Product D9779, DL-Dithiothreitol?

    Molecular Biology grade products are tested for DNase, RNase, and protease to make certain that they contain minimal levels of these contaminants.

  7. How do I find price and availability?

    There are several ways to find pricing and availability for our products. Once you log onto our website, you will find the price and availability displayed on the product detail page. You can contact any of our Customer Sales and Service offices to receive a quote.  USA customers:  1-800-325-3010 or view local office numbers.

  8. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product. 

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Protocols

Oligo Reduction

Follow this DDT reduction protocol to reduce disulfide bonds in thiol-modified oligonucleotides, thereby avoiding this source of oligo dimer formation.

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